What causes it?

FGTB occurs as a result of a primary infection in the genitals. In general, it can be said that FGTB usually comes from a previous tuberculosis infection which is often acquired from the lungs. Bacteria may reach the genital tract via the blood stream or lymphatics or even from nearby infected organs, such as the intestines.

Who is at risk?

Women who are between 15 and 45 years old and of reproductive age are at higher risk. Besides, FGTB can occur at any age including postmenopausal women. In addition, it is also prevalent in countries with higher incidence of TB.

Symptoms of Female Genital Tuberculosis

FGTB is considered a silent disease since its symptoms can be mild, vague or absent. Most cases have been diagnosed when undergoing examination for infertility issues. Here are some common symptoms:

Effect on Infertility

Fertility problems are one of the most serious impacts of FGTB since the infection primarily affects the fallopian tubes (95-100% of cases). The disease causes scar tissue that blocks the tubes and forms adhesions. These scars prevent fertilization by hindering sperm and eggs from meeting. Also, the uterine wall is impacted, leading to poor fertilization or miscarriages. Even after treatment, fertility rates decrease, and there is an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy, where the fetus develops outside the uterus.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of FGTB is complicated because the symptoms may look like those of other gynecological disorders. Diagnosis is performed using:

FGTB is often mistaken for other gynecological conditions and is therefore difficult to diagnose. The methods include:

Management

Anti-tuberculosis drug therapy (ATT) is administered for six months, depending on drug resistance. Surgery is required in few advanced cases that have abscesses, scars, and severe organ infections. Proper and adequate treatment will eliminate the infection, but infertility is not always reversed.

Preventive Measures

The prevention measures involve primary prevention through control of common tuberculosis through immunization. Methods of prevention include:

Social and Psychological Effects

Women suffering from female genital TB experience a lot of social stigma. They also feel a sense of emotional stress, which could lead to depression and anxiety. In some cases, marital problems are experienced. Therefore, the medical and psychological aspects of the disease should be addressed for the well-being of the affected.

Final Thought

FGTB poses a serious problem for women's reproductive health and well-being. It is particularly problematic when there are high cases of TB in an area. Because FGTB can remain asymptomatic for long periods of time and is confused with other reproductive problems, it requires early diagnosis and treatment. Proper awareness can help achieve that.

There are many kinds of bacterial infections. Bacteria cause infections, and as such, most bacterial infections are contagious because they are capable of spreading from one individual to another.